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Reference Resource: SI - The Metrics International System of Units
Last Updated: Symbols | Length | Area | Volume | Force | Pressure | Mass | Temperature | Power | Useful Conversions | Pavement | Pavement marking | Sheet metal | Reinforcing Steel | Wire | Sieve | Hard | Trades | Pipe | Structural Plate The International System of Units (SI) is a modernized version of the metric system established by international agreement. The metric system of measurement was developed during the French Revolution and was first promoted in the U.S. by Thomas Jefferson. Its use was legalized in the U.S. in 1866. In 1902, proposed congressional legislation requiring the U.S. Government to use the metric system exclusively was defeated by a single vote. SI provides a logical and interconnected framework for all measurements in science, industry, and commerce. The metric system is much simpler to use than the existing English system since all its units of measurement are divisible by 10. Conversion FactorsPlease note: For best printing results, set your Page Setup's Orientation to Landscape before printing. The following list provides the conversion relationship between U.S. customary units and SI (International System ) units. The proper conversion procedure is to multiply the specified value on the left (primarily U.S. customary values) by the conversion factor exactly as given below and then round to the appropriate number of significant digits desired. For example, to convert 11.4 ft to meters: 11.4 X 0.3048 = 3.47472, which rounds to 3.47 meters. Do not round either value before performing the multiplication, as accuracy would be reduced. A complete guide to the SI system and its use can be found in ASTM E 380, Metric Practice. Conversion SymbolsThe prefixes and symbols listed below are commonly used to form names and symbols of the decimal multiples and sub multiples of the SI units. INTERIM UNITS OF MEASURE
As suggested by Federal Standard 376B
January 27, 1993
AS USED IN THE METRIC STANDARD ITEM TABLE EQUIVALENT
ACRE hectare (ha) CUBIC FOOT cubic meter (m3)
CUBIC YARD cubic meter (m3)
GALLON/MGALLON liter (L), cubic meter (m3)
HUNDRED Hundred for traffic buttons HUNDRED WEIGHT kilogram (kg)
LINEAR FOOT meter (m)
MBOARD FEET cubic meter (m3)
MILE kilometer (km)
NAUTICAL MILE Nautical Mile
POUND kilogram (kg) for mass
newton (N) for force
SQUARE FOOT square meter (m2)
SQUARE YARD square meter (m2)
TON tonne (t)
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT METRIC
USED IN SPECIAL PROVISIONS EQUIVALENT
AND GENERAL SPECIAL PROVISIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GAGE;GAUGE METAL THICKNESS gage (mm) FAHRENHEIT TEMPERATURE kelvin (K) or degree Celsius (C) FATHOM WATER DEPTH meter (m) FOOT/LBS TORQUE newton-meter (N-m) LBS/SQ. IN PRESSURES kilopascal (kPa) megapascal (MPa)
(if very large number)
LBS/SQ. FT kilopascal (kPa)
LBS/SQ YD kilopascal (kPa) INCH LINEAR millimeter (mm) KIPS;KSI TENSION kilopascal (kPa) or megapascal (MPa)
LBS/ACRE EROSION CONTROL kilograms/hectare LBS/CU. FT. DENSITY kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3) MIL THICKNESS micrometer (um) FT. LBS./SEC. HORSE POWER watt (W) UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS USED METRIC
ON CONTRACT PLANS EQUIVALENT
DEGREES/BEARINGS No change for surveying. STATIONING 1,000 meters = 1 station MILEPOSTS This one is still under review as mileposts are part of the signing
issue. Use mileposts for now, but also state kilometerposts. ELEVATIONS meter (m) UNITS OF MEASUREMENT USED IN METRIC
COMMERCIAL STANDARDS EQUIVALENT
GALS/HR or MIN (PUMPS) liters per second (L/s) 500 GALLON TANKS cubic meter (m3) but it could also possibly be in liter (L)
55 GALLON DRUMS cubic meter (m3) or liter (L) for liquid
94 LBS/SACK (CEMENT) kilogram (kg) DIAMETER OF REINFORCING STEEL millimeter (mm) LBS/FT OF REINFORCING STEEL kilogram per meter (kg/m) BUSHEL cubic meter (m3) Length Conversion FactorsLength To convert from to multiply by mile (US Statute) kilometer (km) 1.609347 inch (in) millimeter (mm) 25.4 * inch (in) centimeter (cm) 2.54 * inch (in) meter (m) 0.0254 * foot (ft) meter (m) 0.3048 * yard (yd) meter (m) 0.9144 * Area Conversion FactorsArea To convert from to multiply by Volume Conversion FactorsVolume To convert from to multiply by cubic inch (cu in) cubic meter (cu m) 0.00001639 cubic foot (cu ft) cubic meter (cu m) 0.02831685 cubic yard (cu yd) cubic meter (cu m) 0.7645549 gallon (gal) liter 4.546 Canada liquid gallon (gal) cubic meter (cu m) 0.004546 Canada liquid gallon (gal) liter 3.7854118 U.S. liquid** gallon (gal) cubic meter (cu m) 0.00378541 U.S. liquid fluid ounce (fl oz) milliliters (ml) 29.57353 fluid ounce (fl oz) cubic meter (cu m) 0.00002957 Force Conversion FactorsForce To convert from to multiply by Pressure or Stress Conversion FactorsPressure or stress kip per square megapascal (MPa) 6.894757 inch (ksi)
pound per kilogram per 4.8824 square foot (psf) square meter (kg/sq m) pound per square pascal (Pa) 47.88 foot (psf)
pound per square pascal (Pa) 6,894.757 inch (psi)
pound per square megapascal (MPa) 0.00689476 inch (psi)
Mass Conversion FactorsMass (weight) pound (lb) kilogram (kg) 0.4535924 avoirdupois ton, 2000 lb kilogram (kg) 907.1848 grain kilogram (kg) 0.0000648 Mass (weight) per length kip per linear kilogram per meter (kg/m) 0.001488 foot (klf) pound per linear kilogram per meter (kg/m) 1.488 foot (plf) Mass per volume (density) pound per cubic kilogram per cubic 16.01846 foot (pcf) meter (kg/cu m) pound per cubic kilogram per cubic 0.5933 yard (lb/cu yd) meter (kg/cu m) Temperature Conversion FactorsTemperature degree Fahrenheit (F) degree Celsius (C) tc=(tF-32)/1.8 degree Fahrenheit (F) kelvin (K) tk = (tF+459.7)/1.8 kelvin (K) degree Celsius (C) tc=tk-273.15 Energy and heat British thermal joule (J) 1055.056 unit(Btu) calorie (cal) joule (J) 4.1868E Btu/degree F x hr x ft2 W/m2 - degree K 5.678263 kilowatt-hour (kwh) joule (J) 3,600,000E British thermal calories per gram 0.55556 unit per pound (Btu/lb) (cal/g) British thermal unit watt (W) 0.2930711 per hour (Btu/hr)
More Useful Conversion FactorsUSEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS QuantityFrom English To Metric Multiply Units Units by* Lengthmile km 1.609347 yard m 0.9144** foot m 0.3048** inch mm 25.40** Areasquare mile km 2 2.590 acre m 2 4047 acre hectare 0.4047 square yard m 2 0.8361 square foot m 2 0.092 90 square inch mm 2 645.2 Volumeacre foot m 3 1 233 cubic yard m 3 0.7646 cubic foot m 3 0.028 32 cubic foot L (1000 cm 3) 28.32 100 board feet m 3 0.2360 gallon L (1000 cm 3) 3.785 Mass lb kg 0.4536 kip (1000 lb) metric ton (1000kg) 0.4536 Mass/unit length plf kg/m 1.488 Mass/unit area psf kg/m 2 4.882 Mass density pcf kg/m 3 16.02 Force lb N 4.448 kip kN 4.448 Force/unit length plf N/m 14.59 klf kN/m 14.59 Pressure, stress, modules of elasticity psf Pa 47.88 ksf kPa 47.88 psi kPa 6.895 ksi MPa 6.895 Bending moment, ft-lb N . m 1.356 torque, moment of forceft-kip kN . m 1.356 --------------------- * 4 significant digits **denotes exact conversion USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS Quantity From English Units To Metric Units Multiply by* Pavement Conversion FactorsMETRIC CONVERSION--PAVEMENTS ROADWAY DIMENSIONS BRIDGE HT. PCCP Thickness' RESILIENT MODULUS ft m ft m (inches)(mm) psi MPa Lane 12 3.6 14.5 4.4 9 225 3,000 21 Shoulder 4 1.2 16.0 4.9 10 250 4,000 28 10 3.0 11 275 5,000 34 12 300 10,000 69 12,000 83 15,000 103 20,000 138 TYPICAL DENSITY VALUES AXLE LOADS TIRE LOADS (per tire width) pcf kg/m 2 lbs kN lbs/inch kg/mm Pavement Marking Conversion Chart--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Wet Material Thickness | Edge Line Coverage | Area Coverage | |----------------------------|------------------------------|-------------------------------| | English | Metric | English | Met./Eng.| Metric | English | Met./Eng.| Metric | | mils (0.001") | mm(0.001M) | Ft/gal | M/gal | M/Liter | SF/gal | SM/gal | SM/Liter | |===============|============|=========|==========|=========|=========|==========|==========| | 1.0 | 0.025 | 4832 | 1473 | 393.7 | 1611 | 150 | 39.37 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 10.0 | 0.254 | 483 | 147 | 39.4 | 161 | 15 | 3.94 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 15.0 | 0.381 | 322 | 98.2 | 26.2 | 107 | 10 | 2.62 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 19.7 | 0.500 | 245 | 74.8 | 20.0 | 82 | 7.6 | 2.00 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 20.0 | 0.508 | 242 | 73.6 | 19.7 | 81 | 7.5 | 1.97 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 25.0 | 0.635 | 193 | 58.9 | 15.7 | 64 | 6.0 | 1.57 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 30.0 | 0.762 | 161 | 49.1 | 13.1 | 54 | 5.0 | 1.31 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 35.0 | 0.889 | 138 | 42.1 | 11.2 | 46 | 4.3 | 1.12 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 39.4 | 1.000 | 123 | 37.4 | 10.0 | 41 | 3.8 | 1.00 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 40.0 | 1.016 | 121 | 36.8 | 9.8 | 40 | 3.7 | 0.98 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 45.0 | 1.143 | 107 | 32.7 | 8.7 | 36 | 3.3 | 0.87 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 49.2 | 1.250 | 98 | 29.9 | 8.0 | 33 | 3.0 | 0.80 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 50.0 | 1.270 | 97 | 29.5 | 7.9 | 32 | 3.0 | 0.79 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 59.1 | 1.500 | 82 | 24.9 | 6.7 | 27 | 2.5 | 0.67 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 60.0 | 1.524 | 81 | 24.5 | 6.6 | 27 | 2.5 | 0.66 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 78.7 | 2.000 | 61 | 18.7 | 5.0 | 20 | 1.9 | 0.50 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 88.6 | 2.250 | 55 | 16.6 | 4.4 | 18 | 1.7 | 0.44 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 90.0 | 2.286 | 54 | 16.4 | 4.4 | 18 | 1.7 | 0.44 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 98.4 | 2.500 | 49 | 15.0 | 4.0 | 16 | 1.5 | 0.40 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 100.0 | 2.540 | 48 | 14.7 | 3.9 | 16 | 1.5 | 0.39 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 118.1 | 3.000 | 41 | 12.5 | 3.3 | 14 | 1.3 | 0.33 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 120.0 | 3.048 | 40 | 12.3 | 3.3 | 13 | 1.2 | 0.33 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 236.2 | 6.000 | 20 | 6.2 | 1.7 | 7 | 0.6 | 0.17 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 250.0 | 6.350 | 19 | 5.9 | 1.6 | 6 | 0.6 | 0.16 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 255.9 | 6.500 | 19 | 5.8 | 1.5 | 6 | 0.6 | 0.15 | |---------------|------------|---------|----------|---------|---------|----------|----------| | 260.0 | 6.604 | 19 | 5.7 | 1.5 | 6 | 0.6 | 0.15 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | WDB 4.22.97 | ============================================================================================= Sheet Metal Conversion FactorsSHEET METAL Most specification references use gage number followed by the decimal inch thickness. Example: 22 gage (0.034 inch) Metric specifications use the absolute mm thickness. It is not the intent of this guidance to change the thickness of currently used sheeting. The following chart may be used to specify sheet metal. The thickness under "Specify" is thinner than the actual gage thickness, since specifications give minimum thickness. Gage Inch Exact Specify Percent Thinner (mm) (mm) Than "Exact" Value 32 0.0134 0.3404 0.34 0.1 30 0.0157 0.3988 0.39 2.2 28 0.0187 0.4750 0.47 1.1 26 0.0217 0.5512 0.55 0.2 24 0.0276 0.7010 0.70 0.1 22 0.0336 0.8534 0.85 0.4 20 0.0396 1.0058 1.0 0.6 18 0.0516 1.3106 1.3 0.8 16 0.0635 1.6129 1.6 0.8 14 0.0785 1.9939 1.9 4.7 12 0.1084 2.7534 2.7 1.9 10 0.1382 3.5103 3.5 0.3 8 0.1681 4.2697 4.2 1.6 This schedule was developed since no existing material was found to clearly identify existing sheeting in metric units. Until a more efficient method is developed to address this issue, specifiers may wish to retain the gage number in specifications, and couple this with a rounded mm size in parenthesis. Reinforcing Steel Conversion FactorsREINFORCING STEEL The following table shows the current U.S. customary rebar sizes in relationship to the respective diameters and cross-sectional areas. Customary English Metric System Equivalent --------------------------------------------- U. S. Customary Diameter Area Diameter Area Designation (in.) (in 2) (mm) (mm 2) #3 0.375 0.11 9.5 71 #4 0.500 0.20 12.7 127 #5 0.625 0.31 15.9 198 #6 0.750 0.44 19.1 285 #7 0.875 0.60 22.2 388 #8 1.000 0.79 25.4 507 #9 1.125 1.00 28.6 641 #10 1.270 1.27 32.3 817 #11 1.410 1.56 35.8 1007 #14 1.693 2.25 43.0 1452 #18 2.257 4.00 57.3 2581 Wire Conversion FactorsSEVEN-WIRE, UNCOATED STRAND FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES The prestressing industry again uses the soft conversion for all dimensional units of prestressing wire. This soft conversion is utilized worldwide and a copy of the equivalent physical properties for Grade 270 low-relaxation strand, as provided by Florida Wire and Cable Company, is provided below: 270 GRADE LOW-RELAXATION ASTM A-416 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nominal Strand Minimum Strength Area Diameter (mm) (in.) (kN) (lb.) (mm 2) (in 2) 10 (3/8) 102.3 (23,000) 54.8 (0.085) 11 (7/16) 137.9 (31,000) 74.2 (0.115) 12 (15/32) 160.1 (36,000) 85.8 (0.133) 13 (1/2) 183.7 (41,300) 98.7 (0.153) 14 (9/16) 230.0 (51,700) 123.9 (0.192) 15 (0.600) 260.6 (58,600) 140.0 (0.217) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sieve Conversion FactorsSIEVES Sieve Designation (W) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nominal Permissible Variation Intermediate Maximum Nominal Standard Alternative Sieve of Average Opening Tolerance Individual Wire Opening from the Standard (x) Opening Diameter (in.) Sieve Designation (x) (mm) (y) + or ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 125 mm 5 in. 5 3.70 mm 130.0 mm 130.9 mm 8.00 106 mm 4.24 in. 4.24 3.20 mm 110.2 mm 111.1 mm 6.40 100 mm 4 in. 4 3.00 mm 104.0 mm 104.8 mm 6.30 90 mm 3 1/2 in. 3.5 2.70 mm 93.6 mm 94.4 mm 6.08 75 mm 3 in. 3 2.20 mm 78.1 mm 78.7 mm 5.80 63 mm 2 1/2 in. 2.5 1.90 mm 65.6 mm 66.2 mm 5.50 53 mm 2.12 in. 2.12 1.60 mm 55.2 mm 55.7 mm 5.15 50 mm 2 in. 2 1.50 mm 52.1 mm 52.6 mm 5.05 45 mm 1 3/4 in. 1.75 1.40 mm 46.9 mm 47.4 mm 4.85 37.5 mm 1 1/2 in. 1.5 1.10 mm 39.1 mm 39.5 mm 4.59 31.5 mm 1 1/4 in. 1.25 1.00 mm 32.9 mm 33.2 mm 4.23 26.5 mm 1.06 in. 1.06 0.80 mm 27.7 mm 28.0 mm 3.90 25.0 mm 1 in. 1 0.80 mm 26.1 mm 26.4 mm 3.80 22.4 mm 0.875 0.70 mm 23.4 mm 23.7 mm 3.50 19.0 mm 3/4 in. 0.750 0.60 mm 19.9 mm 20.1 mm 3.30 16.0 mm 0.625 0.50 mm 16.7 mm 17.0 mm 3.00 13.2 mm 0.530 in. 0.530 0.41 mm 13.83 mm 14.05 mm 2.75 12.5 mm 1/2 in. 0.500 0.39 mm 13.10 mm 13.31 mm 2.67 11.2 mm 7/16 in. 0.438 0.35 mm 11.75 mm 11.94 mm 2.45 9.50 mm 0.375 0.30 mm 9.97 mm 10.16 mm 2.27 8.00 mm 5/16 in. 0.312 0.25 mm 8.41 mm 8.58 mm 2.07 6.70 mm 0.265 in. 0.265 0.21 mm 7.05 mm 7.20 mm 1.87 6.30 mm 1/4 in. 0.250 0.20 mm 6.64 mm 6.78 mm 1.82 5.60 mm No. 3 1/2 0.223 0.18 mm 5.90 mm 6.04 mm 1.68 4.75 mm No. 4 0.187 0.15 mm 5.02 mm 5.14 mm 1.54 4.00 mm No. 5 0.157 0.13 mm 4.23 mm 4 35 mm 1.37 3.35 mm No. 6 0.132 0.11 mm 3.55 mm 3.66 mm 1.23 2.80 mm No. 7 0.11 0.095 mm 2.975 mm 3.070 mm 1.10 2.36 mm No. 8 0.0937 0.080 mm 2.515 mm 2.600 mm 1.00 2.00 mm No. 10 0.0787 0.070 mm 2.135 mm 2.215 mm 0.900 1.70 mm No. 12 0.0661 0.060 mm 1.820 mm 1.890 mm 0.810 1.40 mm No. 14 0.0555 0.050 mm 1.505 mm 1.565 mm 0.725 1.18 mm No. 16 0.0469 0.045 mm 1.270 mm 1.330 mm 0.650 1.00 mm No. 18 0.0394 0.040 mm 1.080 mm 1.135 mm 0.580 0.850 mm No. 20 0.0331 0.035 mm 0.925 mm 0.970 mm 0.510 0.710 mm No. 25 0.0278 0.030 mm 0.775 mm 0.815 mm 0.450 0.600 mm No. 30 0.0234 0.025 mm 0.660 mm 0.695 mm 0.390 0.500 mm No. 35 0.0197 0.020 mm 0.550 mm 0.585 mm 0.340 0.425 mm No. 40 0.0165 0.019 mm 0.471 mm 0.502 mm 0.290 0.355 mm No. 45 0.0139 0.016 mm 0.396 mm 0.425 mm 0.247 0.300 mm No. 50 0.0117 0.014 mm 0.337 mm 0.363 mm 0.215 0.250 mm No. 60 0.0098 0.012 mm 0.283 mm 0.306 mm 0.180 0.212 mm No. 70 0.0083 0.010 mm 0.242 mm 0.263 mm 0.152 0.180 mm No. 80 0.0070 0.009 mm 0.207 mm 0.227 mm 0.131 0.150 mm No. 100 0.0059 0.008 mm 0.174 mm 0.192 mm 0.110 0.125 mm No. 120 0.0049 0.007 mm 0.147 mm 0.163 mm 0.091 0.106 mm No. 140 0.0041 0.006 mm 0.126 mm 0.141 mm 0.076 0.090 mm No. 170 0.0035 0.005 mm 0.108 mm 0.122 mm 0.064 0.075 mm No. 200 0.0029 0.005 mm 0.091 mm 0.103 mm 0.053 0.063 mm No. 230 0.0025 0.004 mm 0.077 mm 0.089 mm 0.044 0.053 mm No. 270 0.0021 0.004 mm 0.066 mm 0.076 mm 0.037 0.045 mm No. 325 0.0017 0.003 mm 0.057 mm 0.066 mm 0.030 0.038 mm No. 400 0.0015 0.003 mm 0.048 mm 0.057 mm 0.025 0.032 mm No. 450 0.0012 0.003 mm 0.042 mm 0.050 mm 0.028 0.025 mm No. 500 0.0010 0.003 mm 0.034 mm 0.041 mm 0.025 0.020 mm No. 635 0.0008 0.003 mm 0.029 mm 0.035 mm 0.020 Hard Conversions for Construction MaterialsHARD CONVERSION FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Structural Steel, M270 Min. Tensile Strength Min. Yield Strength Min. Yield Strength Grade (MPa) (MPa) (ksi) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 400 250 36 50 450 345 50 50W 485 345 50 70W 620 480 70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reinforcing Bars, M31M Grade Tensile and Yield Strengths Metric English Tensile Strength Min. Yield Strength Min. Yield Strength Value Value (MPa) (MPa) (ksi) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 300 40 500 300 40 400 60 600 400 60 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Common Concrete Strengths (f'c) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Metric (MPa) 20 28 35 43 48 55 English (psi) 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Metric Value English Value -------------------------------------------- Steel 0.0000117/oC 0.0000065/oF Concrete 0.0000108/oC 0.000006/oF -------------------------------------------- Unit Weights Metric Value English Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Steel 7848.3 kg/m3 490 pcf Concrete 2402.5 kg/m3 150 pcf -------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Construction TradesTHE CONSTRUCTION TRADES Here are the metric units that will be used by the construction trades. The term "length" includes all linear measurements--length, width, height, thickness, diameter, and circumference. Quantity Unit Symbol Surveying length kilometer, meter km, m area square kilometer km2 hectare (10,000 m2) ha square meter m2 plane angle degree (non metric) o minute (non metric) ' second (non metric) " Excavating length meter, millimeter m, mm volume cubic meter m3 Trucking distance kilometer km volume cubic meter m3 mass metric ton (1000 kg) t Paving length meter, millimeter m, mm area square meter m2 Concrete length meter, millimeter m, mm area square meter m2 volume cubic meter m3 temperature degree Celsius oC water capacity liter (1000cm) L mass (weight) kilogram, gram kg, g cross-sectional area square millimeter mm2 Pipe Conversion Factors
Pipe is one of the most ubiquitous products in construction. It is made of a
wide variety of materials, including galvanized steel, black steel, copper, cast
iron, concrete, and various plastics such as ABS, PVC, CPVC, polyethylene, and
polybutylene, among others. NPS DN NPS DN ---------------------------------------- 1/8" 6 mm 8" 200 mm 3/16" 7 mm 10" 250 mm 1/4" 8 mm 12" 300 mm 3/8" 10 mm 14" 350 mm 1/2" 15 mm 16" 400 mm 5/8" 18 mm 18" 450 mm 3/4" 20 mm 20" 500 mm 1" 25 mm 24" 600 mm 1-1/4" 32 mm 28" 700 mm 1-1/2" 40 mm 30" 750 mm 2" 50 mm 32" 800 mm 2-1/2" 65 mm 36" 900 mm 3" 80 mm 40" 1000 mm 3-1/2" 90 mm 44" 1100 mm 4" 100 mm 48" 1200 mm 4-1/2" 115 mm 52" 1300 mm 5" 125 mm 56" 1400 mm 6" 150 mm 60" 1500 mm **(For pipe over 60 inches, use 1 inch equals 25 mm) TABLE 1 PROPOSED METRIC CSP DIAMETER SIZES Proposed Metric (mm) Current Standard (inches) 150 6 200 8 250 10 300 12 375 15 450 18 525 21 600 24 675 27 750 30 825 33 900 36 1050 42 1200 48 1350 54 1500 60 1650 66 1800 72 1950 78 2100 84 2250 90 2400 96 2550 102 2700 108 2850 114 3000 120 3150 126 3300 132 3450 138 3600 144 TABLE 2 CORRUGATION SIZES CURRENT PROPOSED (Inches) (Millimeters) ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 2/3 x 1/2 68 x 13 3 x 1 76 x 25 5 x 1 125 x 25 3/4 x 3/4 x 7 1/2 19 x 19 x 191 3/4 x 1 x 11 1/2 19 x 25 x 292 TABLE 3 PIPE WALL THICKNESS CURRENT NOMINAL PROPOSED Thickness NOMINAL Thickness --------------------------------------------------------------------- GATE (Inches) (millimeters) 16 0.064 1.6 14 0.079 2.0 12 0.109 2.8 10 0.138 3.5 8 0.168 4.3 TABLE 4 PIPE ARCH SIZES Corrugations Corrugations Inches Millimeters Inches Millimeters 2 2/3 x 1/2 68 x 13 3 x 1 & 5 x 1 76 x 25 & 125 x 25 Span x Rise Span x Rise Span x Rise Span x Rise --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 x 13 425 x 325 53 x 41 1325 x 1025 21 x 15 525 x 375 60 x 46 1500 x 1150 24 x 18 600 x 450 66 x 51 1650 x 1275 28 x 20 700 x 500 73 x 55 1825 x 1375 35 x 24 875 x 600 81 x 59 2025 x 1475 42 x 29 1050 x 725 87 x 63 2175 x 1575 49 x 33 1225 x 825 95 x 67 2375 x 1675 57 x 38 1425 x 950 103 x 71 2575 x 1775 64 x 43 1600 x 1075 112 x 75 2800 x 1875 71 x 47 1775 x 1175 117 x 79 2925 x 1975 77 x 52 1925 x 1300 128 x 83 3200 x 2075 83 x 57 2075 x 1425 137 x 87 3425 x 2175 142 x 91 3550 x 2275 Note: millimeters equal to inches x 25. Assumed pipe diameters will be x 25. TABLE 4A PIPE ARCH SIZES CORRUGATIONS Inches Millimeters 3/4 x 3/4 x 7 1/2 19 x 19 x 191 Span x Rise Span x Rise ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 x 16 500 x 400 23 x 19 575 x 475 27 x 21 675 x 525 33 x 26 825 x 650 40 x 31 1000 x 775 46 x 36 1150 x 900 53 x 41 1325 x 1025 60 x 46 1500 x 1150 66 x 51 1650 x 1275 73 x 55 1825 x 1375 81 x 59 2025 x 1475 87 x 63 2175 x 1575 95 x 67 2375 x 1675 Note: millimeters equal to inches x 25. Assumed pipe diameters will be x 25. Structural Plate Conversion FactorsSTRUCTURAL PLATE DIMENSIONS 6 X 2 Corrugation 31 Inch Corner Radius ------------------------------------------------------ Span Rise R R ft-in ft-in ft. ft. ------------------------------------------------------ 13-3 9-4 6.68 16.05 14-11 10-2 7.48 18.98 16-6 11-0 8.29 21.93 18-1 11-10 9.09 24.98 19-8 12-8 9.90 28.04 TABLE 5M STRUCTURAL PLATE DIMENSIONS 152 x 51 Corrugation 787 mm Corner Radius ___________________________________________________________ millimeters ----------------------------------------------------------- Span Rise R R ___________________________________________________________ 4039 2845 2036 4892 4547 3099 2280 5785 5029 3353 2527 6684 5512 3607 2771 7614 5994 3861 3018 8547 TABLE 6 STRUCTURAL PLATE THICKNESS Current Specification Proposed ________________________________________________________ Gage Inches Millimeters ________________________________________________________ 12 .111 2.5 10 .140 3.5 8 .170 4.5 7 .188 - 5 .218 5.5 3 .249 6.5 1 .280 7.0 5/16 .318 8.0 3/8 .377 9.5
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